The 21st C has launched without aesthetic conviction, in a cloud of nostalgia and digital displacement. In preparation for a new Eagle Rock house design (below) these studies examine the optimism of 70-100 years before. Modernism ended into the present post-modern, and was the last idealistic and original creative movement. It celebrated light, freedom from gravity and a world of solutions.

Of special interest has been the Villa Shodhan from the 1950’s in Ahmedabad India by Le Corbusier. On a suburban parcel it rises on five platforms with five mezzanined apartments and sitting rooms, and multiply tiered garden roofs.